پاورقي‌ها:

1ـ عضو هيئت علمي گروه هنرهاي نمايشي دانشكده هنرهاي زيبا، دانشگاه تهران.

2ـ دانش‌آموخته كارشناسي ارشد ادبيات نمايشي از گروه هنرهاي نمايشي دانشكده هنرهاي زيبا، دانشگاه تهران.

3- Indeterminacy

4- Werner Karl

5- Kurt Godel

6- Thomas Kuhn

7- Paul Feyerabend

8- Harold Rosenberg

9- dialogic

10- Mikhail bakhtin

11- Roland Barthes

12- Unbestimmtheiten

13- Wofgang Iser

14- Misprisions

15- Harold Bloom

16- Paul de Man

17- Stanley Fish

18- transactive

19- Norman Holland

20- David Blcich

21- aporia

22- fragmentation

23- Paratactic

24- hypnotactic

25- paralogy

26- parabasis

27- paracriticism

28- Decanonisation (قانون‌زدايي)

29- mastercodes

30ـ روايتهاي كوچك

31ـ با تأسي از روش ترجمه دكتر فرهاد ناظرزاده كرماني

32- Versions of subversion

33- Self-less-ness. Depth-less-ness

34- Nietzsche

35- The Unpresentable. Unrepresentable.

36- aniconic

37- mimesis

38- liminary

39- Kantian Sublime

40- Julia Kristeva

41- coexisting

42- reconstructive

43- Irony (خلاف‌آمد)

44- Kenneth Burke

45- perspectivism (منظرگرايي)

46- paradigm

47- dialogue

48- polylogue

49- self-reflection

50- multivalence

51- de Man

52- Heden White

53- Allen Wilde

54- mediate irony

55- disjunctive irony

56- suspensive irony

57- absurdy

58- Hybridisation

59- replication

60- genres

61- parody (نقيضه)

62- travesty

63- pastiche (تكه‌كاري)

64- de-definition

65- paracriticism

66- fictual discourse (factual discourse در مقابل سخن مستند)

67- nonficion

68- paraliterature

69- threshold literature

70- plagiarism

71- playgiarism

72- Raymond Federman

73- pop and kitsch

74- re-presentation

75- The Quixote of Borges's Pierre Menard

76- equitemporality

77- Fredric Jameson

78- ahistorical

79- presentifications

80- Carnivalisation

81- heteroglossia ["Heteroglossia" (the Russian "raznorechie" literally means

"different-speech-ness"). refers to the conflict between.

"centripetal" and "centrifugal." "official" and "unofficial" discourses within the same national language.]

82- Rabelais

83- Sterne

84- polyphony

85- performance

86- Inside out (a I'envers)

87- Performance

88- Participation

89- acted out

90- theory

91- Richard Poirier

92- Constructionism

93- Fiction

94- humanists

95- dramatistic

96- Burke

97- Pepper

98- Goodman

99- White

100- Immanence (ارتباط ذاتي ميان خداوند و فكر و روح و دنيا و نفوذ همه‌جانبه خداوند بر سراسر گيتي نيز معني مي‌دهد.)

101- Marshall McLuhan

102- lettered unconscious

103- Gnostic (noo)sphere

104- Teilhard de Chardin

105ـ خلاف‌آمد

106- Jean Baudrillard

107- ob-scene

108- Nouvelle cuisine

109- genre

110- Kenneth Burke

111- Wayne Booth

112- Methodoligical pluralism

113- perspective on perspectives

114- Methodological perspectivism

115- systems

116- context

117- Stanely

118- Livingstone

119- heteroclitic

120- Paul Hernadi

121- The order of literature

122- Gary Saul Morson

123- Morson. Boundaries of Genre. p 49.

124- Mad law

125- undoing

126- gender

127- Steven Knapp

128- Walter Benn Michaels

129- Richard Rorty

130- Stanley Fish

پي‌نويسهاي ايهاب حسن

i- Jean-Francois Lyotard. "Answering the Question: What is Postmodernism?" trans Regis Durand. Innovation/Renovation. Ed Ihab Hassan and Sally Hassan. Madison. Wis. 1983. p341 (reproduced in this volume). On the paratactic style in art and society. See also Hayden White. "The Culture of Criticism". Liberations: New Essays on the Humanities in Revolution, ed Ihab Hassan. Middletown. Conn, 1971. pp 66-69: and see William James on the affinities between parataxis and pluralism. "It may be that some parts of the world are connected so loosely with some other parts as to be strung along by nothing but the copula and… This pluralistic view of a world of additive construction. Is one that pragmatism is unable to rule out from serious consideration." (Pragmatism and Four Essays from The Meaning of Truth, New York 1955, p 112.)

ii- See Jean-Francois Lyotard. La Condition Postmoderne: rapport sur le savoir. Paris. 1979. For another views of decanonisation. See English Literature: Opening Up the Canon. ed Leslie Fiedler and Houston A Baker. Jr. Selected Papers from the English Institute. 1979. ns 4. Baltimore. 1981. and Critical Inquiry 10. September 1983.

iii- Fridrich Nietzsche. The will to Power. ed Walter Kaufmann. Trans Walter Kaufmann and RJ Hollingdale. New York. 1967. p 199: see Wylie Sypher. Loss of Self in Modern Literature and Art. 1962: see also the discussion of the postmodern self in Charles Caramello. Silverless Mirrors: Book, Self, and Postmodern American Fiction. Tallahasee. Fla. 1983.

iv- The refusal of depth is. in the widest sense. A refusal of hermeneuties. The "pentetration" of nature or culture. It manifests itself in the white philosophies of post-structrualism as well as in various contemporary arts. See. for instance. Alain Robbe-Grillet. For a New Novel: Essays on Fiction. trans Richard Howard. New York. 1965. pp 49-76. and Susan Sontag. Against Interpretation. New York. pp 3-14.

v- Lyotard. "Answering the Question". p 340. See also the perceptive discussion of the politics of the sublime by Hayden White. "The Politics of Historical Interpretation: Discipline and De-Sublimation". Critical Inquiry. 9 September 1982. p 91.

vi- Julia Kristeva. "Postmodernism?" Romanticism. Modernism, Postmodernism. ed Harry R Garvin. Lewisburg. Pa. 1980. p 141. See also her Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. trans Leon S Roudiez. New York. 1982. and her most recent discussion of "the unnameable" in "Psychoanalysis and the Polis". trans Margaret Waller. Critical Inquiry 9. September 1982. p 91.

vii- Alan Wilde. Horizons of Assent: Modernism, Postmodernism, and the Ironic Imagination. 1981. Baltimore, p 10. Wayne Booth makes a larger claim for the currency of irony in postmodern itmes. A "cosmic irony". deflating the claims of man's centrality. and evincing a striking parallel with traditional religious languages. See his "The Empire of Irony". Georgia Review 37. Winter 1983. pp 719-37.

viii- The last term is Gary Saul Morson's. Morson provides an excellent discussion of threshold literature. Parody. And hybridization in his The Boundaries of Genre: Dostoyevsky's 'Diary of a Writer' and the Traditions of Literary Utiopia. Austin, Tex. 1981, esp pp 48-50. 107-108. and 142-43.

ix- See Fredric Jameson. "Postmodernism and Consumer Society". The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Architecture. trans Meg Shore. New York. 1982. p 11. and Matei Clinescu. "From the One to the Many: Pluralism in Today's Thought". Innovation Renovation. Ed Hasan and Hasan.p 286.

x- see MM Bakhtin. Rabelais and His world. Trans Helena Isworlsky. Cambridge. Mass. 1968. and The Dialogic Imagination: four Essays by MM Bakhtin.ed Michael Holquist. Trans Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. University of Texas Press Slavic Series. No 1. Austin. 1981. See also the forum on Bakhtin. Critical Inquiry. 10. December 1983.

xi- Bakhtin. Rabelais. Pp 10-11.

xii- See Regis Durand's defece. against Michael Fried. Of the performing principle in postmodern art ("Theatre/SIGNS/Performance: On Some Transformations of the Theatrical and the Theoreical". In Innovation Renovation. ed Hassan and Hassan. pp 213-17). See also Richard Schechner. "News.Sex. and Performance Theory". Innovation Renovation. ed Hassan and Hassan. pp 189-210.

xiii- Richard Poirier. The Performing Self: Compositions and Decompositions in the Languages of Contemporary Life. New York. 1971. pp xv. Xiii. See also Christopher Lasch. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age od Diminishing Expectations. New York. 1978.

xiv- Nietzsche. will to Power. p 291.

xv- James understood this when he said: "You can't weed out the human contribution… although the stubborn fact remains that there is a sensible flux. What is true of it seems from first to last to be largely a matter of our own creation". Pragmatism. P 291.

xvi- See Ihab Hassan. Paracriticisms: Seven Speculations of the Times. Urbana. III. 1975. pp 121-50: and Hassan. The Right Promethean Fire. pp 139-72. It was Jose Ortega y Gasset. However. Who made a prescient. Gnostic statement. And before Ortega. James wrote: "The world is One just so far as its parts hang together by any definite connection. It is many just so far as any definite connection fails to obtain. And finally it is growing more and more unified by those systems of connection at least which human energy keeps framing as time goes on "(

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